Реферат
Clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection can be variable in the current pandemic even in patients presenting to the clinic with a mild history of upper respiratory complaints. Various cutaneous manifestations have been noticed in COVID-19 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) being one among them. HZ is an infection that results when varicella zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in the posterior dorsal root ganglion. Here, we aim to expand our knowledge by reporting three cases of associated zoster infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit in view of respiratory complaints. All the three patients admitted, had revealed lymphocytopenia at the time of HZ diagnosis, and were managed conservatively throughout the course. In all the cases, acyclovir/valacyclovir led to the resolution of lesions in 10 days. No postherpetic sequelae were observed. We here suggest that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic should be considered as an alarming sign for a latent subclinical SARS CoV-2 infection and thorough follow-up of such patients be adopted.Copyright © 2021 Bali Journal of Anesthesiology. All rights reserved.
Реферат
Introduction: On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as a pandemic. This recently discovered b-coronavirus spread instantaneously across mainland China due to human-to -human transmission and crossed international borders aided by intercontinental travel. In most nations, the logarithmic growth of the cases very quickly overwhelmed the healthcare system which led to the overcrowding of the hospitals and led to a sudden surge in Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs). Implementation of contact precautions was implemented to control cross-infection. Aim: To determine the effect of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the prevalence of HAIs with special emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Materials and Methods: This three-year retrospective study (September 2018-August 2021) was undertaken at an apex tertiary care institute in Northern India. Wound swabs were collected and processed in the laboratory for the presence of aerobic bacterial isolates. S. aureus was identified using conventional methods and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and later analysed in International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: A steady increase in the isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was noted during the study period (60.5% in 2018 to 78.1% in 2021). A statistically significant increase was noted in the detection of MRSA after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p=0.018) despite the reduced number of surgeries conducted in the institution and rigorous execution of contact precautions. Conclusion: There was an increase in the rate of MRSA isolation during the study period. The increase was significantly affected by the onset of COVID-19. To contain the spread of MRSA, novel methods including preoperative screening of patients undergoing elective surgeries and periodic screening of hospital staff need to be implemented along with standard infection control precautions at all times.
Реферат
Introduction: The new corona virus, also known as COVID-19, is a virus that causes respiratory disease. It was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread to other countries. Corona viruses are large, enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the viral outbreak a worldwide pandemic. As of September 15, 2021, the virus has infected over 226672138 individuals and killed over 4663045 infected ones. India accounts for 14.7% of infections (more than 33 million) and 9.5% of fatalities (more than 4 million). Aim and Objectives: This hospital-based, retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar. We designed this study with the following primary objectives: 1. To estimate and analyze SARS-CoV-2 infection positive rate during first and second covid-19 waveforms. 2. Estimate the pattern of 1st and 2nd Covid-19 waveform. Material and Methods: All pertinent clinical, demographic, and epidemiological data were collected during peak months of COVID-Wave I (Sep-Dec 2020) & COVID-Wave II (April-July 2021).The samples obtained from patients visiting Covid-19 clinic (OPD) and IPD were processed in the bio safety level II lab. A real-time RT-PCR test was utilized in line with the manufacturer's instructions to detect ribonucleic acid (RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 from VTM’s containing NP/OP swabs from patients suspected of COVID-19. A positive result on a realtime RT-PCR assay of nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swab specimens were defined as a confirmed case of Covid-19. Results: A total of 27851 patients were included in our study in peak months of the1st wave (September to December 2020) of COVID-19 and 31871 patients in the 2nd wave (April to July 2021). The findings of this study demonstrate that during the first and the second-wave, hospitalized patients were majority males, younger in the age group of 19-30 years. The majority of patients during the first wave of COVID-19 reported in the out-patient department, while during the second wave, patients reported through the In-patient department of the hospital. Also, the total number of cases reported and positivity rate during the COVID-19 first wave was less than the second wave. Conclusion: We compared the baseline characteristics of wave II with that of Wave I, in which we found that in COVID wave II more individuals were affected, the younger population was infected, more patients were admitted. We also found that the pattern of the two waves does not show any seasonality. Our data could be used to inform Kashmiri population about the epidemiology and demography of Covid-19 waves so that people understand the nature of the situation and follow all the COVID-19 appropriate behaviours more strictly.
Реферат
Clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection can be variable in the current pandemic even in patients presenting to the clinic with a mild history of upper respiratory complaints. Various cutaneous manifestations have been noticed in COVID-19 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) being one among them. HZ is an infection that results when varicella zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in the posterior dorsal root ganglion. Here, we aim to expand our knowledge by reporting three cases of associated zoster infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit in view of respiratory complaints. All the three patients admitted, had revealed lymphocytopenia at the time of HZ diagnosis, and were managed conservatively throughout the course. In all the cases, acyclovir/valacyclovir led to the resolution of lesions in 10 days. No postherpetic sequelae were observed. We here suggest that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic should be considered as an alarming sign for a latent subclinical SARS CoV-2 infection and thorough follow-up of such patients be adopted. © 2021 Bali Journal of Anesthesiology. All rights reserved.